This fully updated fourth edition of Jon S. Bailey and Mary R. Burch’s bestselling Ethics for Behavior Analysts is an invaluable guide to understanding and implementing the newly revised Behavior Analyst Certification Board® (BACB) Ethics Code for Behavior Analysts. Featured in this new edition are explanations of each code standard along with case studies drawn from questions submitted to Bailey's ABA Ethics Hotline (with permission of the writers of the cases) along with edited responses. New chapters include significant changes in this code, an elaboration of the core ethical principles, and the distinction between a client and stakeholder. Further new features include a chapter on ethical decision-making, including flowcharts demonstrating how to arrive at ethical decisions. Additional new chapters focus on finding an ethical place to work, an updated code of ethics for organizations, and how to file a Notice of Alleged Violation.This text is the go-to ethics resource for behavior analysts in training and in practice. Read more

Human beings are primates, and primates are political animals. Our brains, therefore, are designed not just to hunt and gather, but also to help us get ahead socially, often via deception and self-deception. But while we may be self-interested schemers, we benefit by pretending otherwise. The less we know about our own ugly motives, the better - and thus we don't like to talk or even think about the extent of our selfishness. This is "the elephant in the brain." Such an introspective taboo makes it hard for us to think clearly about our nature and the explanations for our behavior. The aim of this book, then, is to confront our hidden motives directly - to track down the darker, unexamined corners of our psyches and blast them with floodlights. Then, once everything is clearly visible, we can work to better understand ourselves: Why do we laugh? Why are artists sexy? Why do we brag about travel? Why do we prefer to speak rather than listen?Our unconscious motives drive more than just our private behavior; they also infect our venerated social institutions such as Art, School, Charity, Medicine, Politics, and Religion. In fact, these institutions are in many ways designed to accommodate our hidden motives, to serve covert agendas alongside their "official" ones. The existence of big hidden motives can upend the usual political debates, leading one to question the legitimacy of these social institutions, and of standard policies designed to favor or discourage them. You won't see yourself - or the world - the same after confronting the elephant in the brain. Read more

The World In Your Head: A Gestalt View of the Mechanism of Conscious Experience represents a bold assault on one of the greatest unsolved mysteries in science: the nature of consciousness and the human mind. Rather than examining the brain and nervous system to see what they tell us about the mind, this book begins with an examination of conscious experience to see what it can tell us about the brain. Through this analysis, the first and most obvious observation is that consciousness appears as a volumetric spatial void, containing colored objects and surfaces. This reveals that the representation in the brain takes the form of an explicit volumetric spatial model of external reality. Therefore, the world we see around us is not the real world itself, but merely a miniature virtual-reality replica of that world in an internal representation. In fact, the phenomena of dreams and hallucinations clearly demonstrate the capacity of the brain to construct complete virtual worlds even in the absence of sensory input. Perception is somewhat like a guided hallucination, based on sensory stimulation. This insight allows us to examine the world of visual experience not as scientists exploring the external world, but as perceptual scientists examining a rich and complex internal representation. This unique approach to investigating mental function has implications in a wide variety of related fields, including the nature of language and abstract thought, and motor control and behavior. It also has implications to the world of music, art, and dance, showing how the patterns of regularity and periodicity in space and time--apparent in those aesthetic domains--reflect the periodic basis set of the underlying harmonic resonance representation in the brain. Read more

Peppered with wit and controversial topics, this is a refreshing new look at the co-evolution of mind and culture. Bestselling authors Ian Stewart and Jack Cohen (The Collapse of Chaos, 1994) eloquently argue that our minds evolved within an inextricable link with culture and language. They go beyond conventional views of the function and purpose of the mind to look at the ways that the mind is the response of an evolving brain that is constantly adjusting to a complex environment. Along the way they develop new and intriguing insights into the nature of evolution, science, and humanity that will challenge conventional views on consciousness. The esteemed authors tantalize the reader with these bold new outlooks while putting a revolutionary spin on such classic philosophical problems as the nature of free will and the essence of humanity. This clearly written and enjoyable book will inspire any educated reader to critically evaluate the existing notions of the nature of the human mind. Read more

It is estimated that one in ten U.S. adults suffers from chronic insomnia. If left untreated, chronic insomnia reduces quality of life and increases risk for psychiatric and medical disease, especially depression and anxiety. The Overcoming Insomnia treatment program uses evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) methods to correct poor sleep habits. CBT has been proven in multiple studies to improve sleep by reducing time spent in bed before sleep onset, reducing time spent awake after first sleep onset, and increasing the quality and efficiency of sleep. This second edition has been thoroughly updated by the program developers, Jack D. Edinger and Colleen E. Carney. Patients use the Workbook in conjunction with the treatment they receive from their therapist. Patients will receive information about healthy sleep and the reasons for improving sleep habits, and the therapist will develop a program to address that patient's specific sleep problems. Use of a sleep diary, assessment forms, and other homework (all provided in the Workbook) allows patient and therapist to work together to develop an effective sleep regimen tailored specifically for each patient. Read more

It is estimated that one in ten U.S. adults suffers from chronic insomnia. If left untreated, chronic insomnia reduces quality of life and increases risk for psychiatric and medical disease, especially depression and anxiety. The Overcoming Insomnia treatment program uses evidence-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) methods to correct poor sleep habits. CBT has been proven in multiple studies to improve sleep by reducing time spent in bed before sleep onset, reducing time spent awake after first sleep onset, and increasing the quality and efficiency of sleep. Developed by Jack D. Edinger and Colleen E. Carney, this second edition has been thoroughly updated according to the DSM-5, which now conceptualizes insomnia as a sleep-wake disorder, rather than a sleep disorder only. The DSM-5 has also eliminated the differentiation between primary and secondary insomnias, so this program provides an expanded discussion of daytime related issues as well as delivery issues specific to those with comorbid mental and medical problems. Patients are first given information about healthy sleep and the reasons for improving sleep habits, then a behavioral program is developed to address that patient's specific sleep problems. Use of a sleep diary, assessment forms, and other homework (all provided in the corresponding patient Workbook) allows client and therapist to work together to develop an effective sleep regimen tailored specifically for each client, and several sessions are dedicated to increasing compliance and problem-solving. Read more

The best way to improve your quality of life is through the decisions you make. This book teaches several fundamental decision-making skills, provides numerous applications and examples, and ultimately nudges you toward smarter decisions. These nudges frame more desirable decisions for you to face by identifying the objectives for your decisions and generating superior alternatives to those initially considered. All of the nudges are based on psychology and behavioral economics research and are accessible to all readers. The new concept of a decision opportunity is introduced, which involves creating a decision that you desire to face. Solving a decision opportunity improves your life, whereas resolving a decision problem only restores the quality of your life to that before the decision problem occurred. We all can improve our decision-making and reap the better quality of life that results. This book shows you how. Read more

Researchers in a growing number of fields--public policy, law, business, medicine, psychology, engineering, and others--are working to understand and improve human judgment and decision making. This book, which presupposes no formal training, brings together a selection of key articles in the area, with careful organization, introduction and commentaries. Issues involving medical diagnosis, weather forecasting, labor negotiations, risk, public policy, business strategy, eyewitnesses, and jury decisions are treated in this largely expanded volume. This is a revision of Arkes and Hammond's 1986 collection on judgment and decision making. Updated and extended, the focus of this volume is interdisciplinary and applied. Read more

Emotional intelligence is an important trait for success at work. IQ tests are biased against minorities. Every child is gifted. Preschool makes children smarter. Western understandings of intelligence are inappropriate for other cultures. These are some of the statements about intelligence that are common in the media and in popular culture. But none of them are true. In the Know is a tour of the most common incorrect beliefs about intelligence and IQ. Written in a fantastically engaging way, each chapter is dedicated to correcting a misconception and explains the real science behind intelligence. Controversies related to IQ will wither away in the face of the facts, leaving readers with a clear understanding about the truth of intelligence. Read more

This new volume in the acclaimed Oxford Readings in Philosophy series offers a selection of the most important philosophical work being done in the new and fast-growing interdisciplinary area of artificial life. Artificial life research seeks to synthesize the characteristics of life by artificial means, particularly employing computer technology. The essays here explore such fascinating themes as the nature of life, the relation between life and mind, and the limits of technology. Read more

There is a need to demonstrate the potential that dyslexic adults have to achieve success despite the difficulties often associated with dyslexia. A focus on adults with dyslexia is pertinent given that individual life experiences have the potential to make dyslexia in adulthood more variable in manifestation than in childhood. This book offers a comprehensive discussion of the relationship between dyslexia and success based on current understanding derived from theory and practice, including the challenges of dyslexia in work-related contexts and a range of potential solutions. It presents a framework to conceptualise adult dyslexia and these individual difficulties and provides a basis for success. Personal stories of adult dyslexics who have faced work-related challenges are included alongside a set of strategy-based solutions for dealing with and responding to such challenges. This is an essential resource for dyslexic adults themselves, plus coaches, HR departments, and managers in organisations and training institutions. Read more

"I am convinced of the urgent need for a democratic people to think clearly without the distortions due to unconscious bias and unrecognized ignorance. Our failures in thinking are in part due to faults which we could to some extent overcome were we to see clearly how these faults arise. It is the aim of this book to make a small effort in this direction." - Susan Stebbing, from the Preface Despite huge advances in education, knowledge and communication, it can often seem we are neither well-trained nor well practised in the art of clear thinking. Our powers of reasoning and argument are less confident that they should be, we frequently ignore evidence and we are all too often swayed by rhetoric rather than reason. But what can you do to think and argue better?First published in 1939 but unavailable for many years, Susan Stebbing's Thinking to Some Purpose is a classic first-aid manual of how to think clearly, and remains astonishingly fresh and insightful. Written against a background of the rise of dictatorships and the collapse of democracy in Europe, it is packed with useful tips and insights. Stebbing offers shrewd advice on how to think critically and clearly, how to spot illogical statements and slipshod thinking, and how to rely on reason rather than emotion. At a time when we are again faced with serious threats to democracy and freedom of thought, Stebbing’s advice remains as urgent and important as ever.This Routledge edition of Thinking to Some Purpose includes a new Foreword by Nigel Warburton and a helpful Introduction by Peter West, who places Susan Stebbing’s classic book in historical and philosophical context. Read more

In this revised and updated edition of Hunt's classic textbook, Human Intelligence, two research experts explain how key scientific studies have revealed exciting information about what intelligence is, where it comes from, why there are individual differences, and what the prospects are for enhancing it. The topics are chosen based on the weight of evidence, allowing readers to evaluate what ideas and theories the data support. Topics include IQ testing, mental processes, brain imaging, genetics, population differences, sex, aging, and likely prospects for enhancing intelligence based on current scientific evidence. Readers will confront ethical issues raised by research data and learn how scientists pursue answers to basic and socially relevant questions about why intelligence is important in everyday life. Many of the answers will be surprising and stimulate readers to think constructively about their own views. Read more

The study of early cognitive development has emphasized the way in which young children act like scientists, testing and revising theories about the physical, biological, and psychological world. Evidence of this early understanding of the natural order has led researchers to reconsider children's thinking about magical, religious, or otherwise supernatural orders. The present volume offers reviews of new lines of research on children's thinking that stretch beyond the ordinary boundaries of reality. More than being "little scientists," children are here considered as "little magicians," "little metaphysicians," "little theologians" and "little story tellers" or "dramatists," imagining other-worldly possibilities. Read more

An engaging and relatable examination of how we perceive and interpret the world around usThe study of human cognitive processes provides insight into why we act or react the way we do. Understanding cognition can help us understand ourselves and others and can even allow us to make educated predictions about future behaviors. In Cognition, 11th Edition, author Thomas Farmer updates this classic text with the latest advances in the field and more in-depth coverage of prominent topics. Expanded and refined throughout, this edition retains the breadth of scope and depth of detail that has made it the go-to text on the topic. Cognition emphasizes the link between conceptual cognitive psychology and real-world experience: case studies, current trends, and historical perspectives merge to provide a comprehensive understanding of core principles and theories. Discusses behavioral measures and overviews classical behaviorist paradigmsExtends the discussions of sensory transduction, procedural memory, and moreClarifies theories of attention and the distinction between controlled vs. automatic processing Includes self quizzes at the end of each chapter, plus updates to all chapters with new and revised contentNew to the 11th Edition:On average, each chapter includes three or four major points of revision aimed either at better explaining a particular process or theory or at bring the examination of cognitive processes up-to-date with current science. Practice questions for each chapter are available in formats suitable for both pen-and-paper use and digital use.Instructor resources are enhanced with new lecture presentation slides and chapter outlines annotated by the author to facilitate lecture design and delivery. Read more

Recovery high schools have become a key setting supporting the adolescent recovery process over the last fifty years. Salvaging a Teenage Wasteland provides the first major historical account of the recovery high school movement from its beginnings in the alternative schools of the 1970s that overlapped with the first adolescent substance use treatment programs. Our understanding of recovery high schools has evolved along with our understanding of addiction and recovery themselves. Finch explores the development of the earliest programs in South Carolina, Texas, Maryland, and Minnesota, which served as roots for later growth. He compiles interviews from dozens of pioneers, including early administrators, teachers, and students, and reviewed hundreds of historical artifacts to trace the creation and expansion of recovery high schools. The story that emerged was closely connected to some of the major events of the times, from the counterculture movement of the 1960s, to the Drug War and advent of adolescent treatment in the 1970s, to the anti-drug campaigns of the 1980s, such as “Just Say No”. Cultural touchstones such as Woodstock, school desegregation, high school drug raids, and fear of cults and teenage drug use figured prominently in the creation of recovery high schools, all in an effort to create sober school spaces for teenagers. The programs that evolved are now one of the major components of addressing adolescent mental health and substance use issues. Read more

This collection of revised and new essays argues that biology is an autonomous science rather than a branch of the physical sciences. Ernst Mayr, widely considered the most eminent evolutionary biologist of the 20th century, offers insights on the history of evolutionary thought, critiques the conditions of philosophy to the science of biology, and comments on several of the major developments in evolutionary theory. Notably, Mayr explains that Darwin's theory of evolution is actually five separate theories, each with its own history, trajectory and impact. Ernst Mayr, commonly referred to as the "Darwin of the 20th century" and listed as one of the top 100 scientists of all-time, is Professor Emeritus at Harvard University. What Makes Biology Unique is the 25th book he has written during his long and prolific career. His recent books include This is Biology: The Science of the Living World (Belknap Press, 1997) and What Evolution Is (Basic Books, 2002). Read more

Integrating CBT and Third Wave Therapies offers a thought-through approach to integrating evidence-based therapies. It provides help for all of us who are developing or have expertise in a variety of evidence-based approaches.The theoretical part of the book briefly reviews four therapies, namely: CBT, DBT, ACT and CFT. The authors identify core processes of change and examine how each therapy contributes to each core process, helping in the integration of all four. The text considers the influence of early adversity on later mental wellbeing, the theoretical underpinnings of mindfulness, behaviour analysis, reliving and re-scripting and dissociation. Theory and practice chapters are illustrated using case vignettes.The book will be useful for therapists to structure sessions with clients. It demonstrates how to follow a theoretical approach and offers a therapeutic structure for integrated clinical work. It will be useful in reflective practice and supervision, and for students learning about a variety of therapeutic approaches. Read more

The human ability to render meaning through symbolic media such as art, dance, music, and speech defines, in many ways, the uniqueness of our species. One symbolic medium in particular--written expression--has aroused increasing interest among researchers across disciplines, in areas as diverse as the humanities, education, and the social sciences because it offers a fascinating window into the processes underlying the creation and enunciation of symbolic representation. In The Psychology of Writing, cognitive psychologist Ronald T. Kellogg reviews and integrates the fast-growing, multidisciplinary field of composition research, a field that seeks to understand how people formulate and express their thoughts with the symbols of written text. By examining the production of written text, the book fills a large gap in cognitive psychology, which until now has focused on speech production, comprehension, and reading, while virtually ignoring how people write. Throughout, the author masterfully examines the many critical factors that come together during the writing process--including writer personality, work schedules, method of composing, and knowledge. In providing an important new theoretical framework that enables readers from a wide range of backgrounds to navigate the extensive composition literature, the author drives home the profound significance of meaning-making as a defining feature of human cognition. Kellogg not only draws from the work of leading composition scholars, but quotes insights into the writing process proffered by some of the most gifted practitioners of the writing craft--including E.M. Forster, John Updike, and Samuel Johnson. Engaging and lively, The Psychology of Writing is the perfect introduction to the subject for students, researchers, journalists, and interested general readers. Read more

Justice, equity, and fairness are central concerns of everyday life. We frequently assess the fairness of individual acts, social programs, and institutional policies. This book explores how distributions of costs and benefits determine our intuitions about fairness. Some chapters examine the extent to which individual behavior deviates from normative theories of justice. This comparison requires an answer to the question of how fair distributions of resources or burdens should be made. Competing theories, such as utilitarianism and economic efficiency, are discussed. Other chapters investigate various rules and heuristics that people use to make fair distributions, the motivation for people to conform to rules of fairness even when they conflict with self-interest, differences between liberals and conservatives in their views about justice, rules that societies actually use to distribute or allocate critical or scarce resources, and implications for public policy. This mixture of theoretical and applied perspectives provides a balanced look at the psychological underpinnings of justice. Read more