This book examines the relationship between the Church and the state and the Church’s response to the Principalities and Powers through the lens of Biblical Theology. The question of the Church’s relationship and response to the state has been an ongoing one since the church was formed. There are a multiplicity of views on how God’s people might live in the midst of empire. We see verses like those in Romans 13:1 (NASB): “Every person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those which exist are established by God” and 1 Peter 2:13: “Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether to a king as the one in authority” interpreted at times as a call for Christians to obedience and allegiance to human governments because God has placed them in authority. And some see Christian participation in these systems as necessary and good. Yet, there are verses that say “My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, then My servants would be fighting so that I would not be handed over to the Jews; but as it is, my kingdom is not from here.” (John 18:36), “For our citizenship is in heaven, from which also we eagerly wait for a Savior, the Lord Jesus Christ” (Phil. 3:20), “No soldier in active service entangles himself in the affairs of everyday life, so that he may please the one who enlisted him as a soldier.” (2 Timothy 2:4), “You adulteresses, do you not know that friendship with the world is hostility toward God? Therefore, whoever wishes to be a friend of the world makes himself an enemy of God.” (James 4:4), and in Revelation 13 where we have beasts representing a kingdom/king with authority from Satan.Within the scope of scripture there are texts that can be used in a way to point to submission to governments as set up by God and that they are His ordained agents, while others are conflict texts that have been interpreted as empires, kingdoms, and governments that are the system of Satan opposed to the Kingdom of God.In this book we will be focusing on a Biblical studies methodology and approach to this topic rather than that of a systematic one. Beale explains this approach:“A biblical-theological approach attempts to interpret texts in light of their broader literary context, their broader redemptive-historical epoch of which they are a part, and to interpret earlier texts from earlier epochs, attempting to explain them in the light of progressive revelation to which earlier scriptural authors would not have had access.”[1]Thus, we will use a study of the Bible based on history, the history of revelation, and the history of our redemption, instead of theology that is organized topically which potentially lacks a view of God’s work throughout time. We have found that often the texts in question in the book have often been taken out of context and misapplied when read through a systematic lens and various modern theological approaches.[1] G. K. Beale, The Erosion of Inerrancy in Evangelicalism: Responding to New Challenges to Biblical Authority (Wheaton: Crossway, 2008), 104 Read more